Accession Number

1986.008.1005a

Alternate object names

Pot;Pitch;Glue ;Pine Pitch

Creation Date

circa 1620

Description

A copper pitch pot found on the wreck of the 1622 galleon Nuestra Señora de Atocha still contains resinous pine pitch. The pot would have been heated so the pitch would soften into a thick, sticky liquid that could be used as a sealant or adhesive. The rumples, creases, and ripples in the surface of pitch make it appear to have been quickly solidified: Perhaps it was being heated as the Atocha sailed and was “frozen in time” when the ship sank? The copper cauldron has a maximum diameter of 39.8 centimeters, but the rivet holes along the upper edge indicate it once had additional panels that made it both taller and wider.

Exhibition Label

Case Caption (2023):

THE CAULKER

Wooden ships leaked all the time, and it was unlikely that a ship was ever entirely dry after the first moment it was launched. Major repairs would be made in port but, as a voyage progressed, the hull would be pounded by heavy seas and teredo worms would bore into it, creating small but deadly holes.

It was the caulker’s job to check the ship’s seams, maintain the pumps, and do everything he could to hold back the seawater. He would scrape away damaged wood, using a rave, and fill any gaps with horsehair and caulk. Horsehair not only helped to stuff holes but also deterred the worms.

A small amount of leaking was to be expected but more than that might contaminate the fresh water supply and food. It would also damage vulnerable cargoes such as leather, fabric, or rare woods. In battle, the carpenter and the caulker would work together, patching holes in the hull made by enemy fire. Any large hole that was not quickly sealed could sink the entire vessel.
Object Caption (2023):

Bowl with Pitch
Bronze and pitch (c.1620)
Gift of Jamestown Inc.
1986.008.1005a-b